Health versus Economic Security: An Ambivalence of Anti-Tobacco Norm Internalisation in Indonesia

It is widely accepted that tobacco a threat to public health security. Anti-tobacco norms are intensively campaigned by international agencies, such as World Health Organisation (WHO) and non-government organisations ( NGOs ). Indonesia has not signed ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control FCTC ); however, Indonesian legislation obligates government agencies ministries, universities, local control use. Meanwhile, remains one of central sources income for Indonesia's state economies, reality especially salient farmers labourers. This study aims examine extent which internalises anti-tobacco norm. We focused our investigation features including norm internalisation human security, with specific attention economic Our revealed notable ambivalence in Indonesia. reflects conflictual interests over security ambiguity policymaking concerning control. Using qualitative approach, authors this gathered primary data via in-depth interviews FGD knowledgeable stakeholders, officials, NGO representatives, agency workers, farmers, smokers, academics, integrated support from relevant literature. The findings present enrich existing discussion internalisation, particularly it relates other controversial norms.